Post by
ArmedAviator »
https://forums.nicoclub.com/armedaviator-u262955.html
Sun Jun 19, 2016 7:09 pm
Larz's explanation is on the right track, although not quite correct.
A few things to explain...
1) HP = (torque [lb-ft] * RPM) / 5252
Torque is the important number. Torque is a measure of force. HP is merely an expression of torque at a specific RPM (look up dyno graphs). The calculation above also explains why every dyno graph shows torque and HP meeting at 5252 RPM.
Given the same throttle position and air charge, the engine will always produce the same torque (and therefore HP) at any given RPM. I said, based on air charge as well, because as we all know, hot air is less dense and therefore the engine produces less power.
Every engine does have a "sweet spot," or more accurately, a "sweet range." This range is where the engine produces it's greatest torque. Every engine model is different. Small things can change this such as exhaust mods, intake plenum, etc.
The engine will accelerate the vehicle quickest in ANY gear within this "sweet range." The "sweet range" is not specific to any gear - it is the same in any gear.
2) Every gear has a different gear ratio which means different torque multiplier
As we increase gear (1st through 6th), we decrease the gear ratio. I'm not certain off hand of the Infiniti's 6AT ratios, but here's a simple example of what happens.
Let's make our hypothetical situation as follows:
1st gear: 3:1
2nd gear: 2:1
3rd gear: 1:1
4th gear: 0.75:1
Engine torque (pretending it's constant): 100lb-ft.
This simple math would give you the following:
1st gear wheel torque: 100 * 3 = 300 lb-ft.
2nd gear wheel torque: 100 * 2 = 200 lb-ft.
3rd gear wheel torque: 100 * 1 = 100 lb-ft.
4th gear wheel torque: 100 * 0.75 = 75 lb-ft.
(Note: This example assumes a final drive ratio of 1:1 which is not what these vehicles (or any vehicles) are equipped with.)
You can plainly see how keeping it in a lower hear has the advantage in accelerating the car. As Larz said above, the top speed per gear is DECREASED as the gear ratio is INCREASED, so you can't benefit from the increased torque forever.
Another hypothetical example with the same information as above: (assuming max speed is engine redline)
1st gear top speed: 100 / 3 = 33 MPH
2nd gear top speed: 100 / 2 = 50 MPH
3rd gear top speed: 100 / 1 = 100MPH
4th gear top speed: 100 / 0.75 = 133 MPH
So what do these 2 things have to do with the effectiveness of Sport Mode?
Sport mode keeps the lower gears engaged longer during acceleration because even as the engine revs past that "sweet spot" of maximum torque, having a torque multiplier of (per our example) 3:1 is better than 2:1. In addition, when you delay the shift, the next gear will now be engaged when it's deeper into the revband, and therefore probably closer to a better torque output.
It's all about using extracting maximum torque.
The second thing that Sport Mode does, which was also touched on is engine braking - although this is not the primary purpose this occurs in Sport Mode.
Engine braking occurs when the engine is left in a lower (i.e. 2nd instead of 3rd) and when you let off the gas, the engine is spinning much faster to keep up with the wheels. Normally, and automatic transmission has a coast gear which engages so it doesn't have much engine drag, but this is suspended, at times, in this driving mode.
The reason the engine RPM should remain higher is so when you DO get back on the gas, the engine is already at speed and applying maximum vacuum. This allows for faster fuel/air charge to reach the cylinders as they are sucking air as best they can when you get back on the throttle AND the transmission doesn't need to downshift and bring the RPM up again - they are already up. The increase in vacuum is what is trying to slow the engine down rapidly (which is more directly "tied" to your wheels because of the exclusion of the coast gear in this mode) and therefore causes more noticeable engine braking as a side-effect.
Finally, and the main reason I use Sport Mode alot is it's more instantaneous reaction with throttle input. Normal Mode throttle input is obviously buffered which is obnoxious as hell to me. When I hit the gas, I expect it to do as commanded NOW (also why I hate Airbus fly-by-wire aircraft and prefer Boeing's fly-by-cable-to-hydraulic-servo approach). Sport Mode isn't instantaneous either, but it's much closer.
Hope this information helps somebody.