"(2) The highway fuel economy test is designated to simulate non-metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 mph and a maximum speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 stop per mile and consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through a specified driving cycle."
http://www.smartpdf.com/40CFRP...1.HTM
Obviously the RPM at 48.6 mph [1800] vs 75 mph [2850] is 1.54 times greater so at minimum the miles per gallon will be significantly less for those who drive over 60 mph.
The above was written with G35 in mind [Q= 1620 rpm vs 2500].
No body ever asked the government to measure steady state 75 mph freeway MPG.
So every engine is optimized for 55 mph and to heck with what happens over that.
"(c) Steady state tests. Constant speed, road load tests may be conducted to help give insight into operational differences and exhaust emission and fuel economy changes due to a retrofit device. Speeds between 0 (engine idling) and 60 mpg will be investigated, with a time period at each speed long enough to ensure that engine operation has stabilized."
http://www.smartpdf.com/40CFRP...3.HTM