From my understanding, welding requires a much higher heat than brazing, although I'm sure the durration of this heat is important also.
Brazing is using a third sacraficial metal, with a lower melting point than the material, to join two pieces. Welding actually melts the pieces to some degree, and I'm guessing uses the 'filler' to aid in bonding and heat transfer.
I found a great deal of information on brazing at:
http://www.inductionatmospheres.com/brazing.html
Just a quick quote:
Reference URL wrote:Brazed joints have great tensile strength – they are often stronger than the two metals being bonded together. Brazed joints repel gas and liquid, withstand vibration and shock and are unaffected by normal changes in temperature. Because the metals to be joined are not themselves melted, they are not warped or otherwise distorted and retain their original metallurgical characteristics...Both brazing and welding work well for joining metals with similar melting points, but it is generally easier to join dissimilar metals with brazing. Simply choose a filler metal a lower melting point that either of the metals to be joined.