Vehicle library--HUNDREDS of articles

[Q45tech]

http://www.aa1car.com/library/2004/eb70 ... ibrary.htm

'Since the 1950s, exhaust valves made of 21-2N (2 percent nickel) stainless steel have been commonly used for original equipment exhaust valves in many passenger car and light truck engines. It's a good alloy that can usually go up to 100,000 miles in normal use. But in recent years, the OEMs have raised their durability requirements to 150,000 miles or higher, which has required upgrading to tougher materials such as 21-4N (4 percent nickel) stainless steel"....."Many Japanese OEMs use a black nitride coating on the valves instead of chrome plating. The nitride coating, which is applied in a salt bath treatment, protects the stems against scuffing and wear."

There’s no way to rejuvenate a dead converter or to unclog or clean out a plugged converter, so replacement is the only repair option. Up to model year 1995, converters were covered by a 5 year/50,000 mile federal emissions warranty (7 years or 70,000 miles in California). In 1995, the warranty jumped to 8 years and 80,000 miles.

Heated 3 and 4-wire O2 sensors on mid-1980s through mid-1990s applications should be changed every 60,000 miles. And on 1996 and newer OBD II equipped vehicles, the recommended replacement interval is 100,000 miles.

As PT Barnum once said, "There's a sucker born every minute." So don't fall for the con artists lies. Forget the gas saving gizmos because none of them work!