I had the same thing happen on the rear in my gf's 240. She ran the pads down to nothing and it allowed the piston to come out to far. I screwed it in for 20 minutes to no avail. I disassembled the caliper and all seemed ok, but the first thread in the piston looked a little odd. But, when I tried screwing it in it wouldnt go.
I had to take my ratchet and put it between the piston and caliper and pull the e-brake lever (on the caliper) and force the piston into the ratchet and turn it with needle nose while it had some pressure on it. It fianlly started threading again.
Dont know why this happened, but I guess it was from running it without any pad material. Hardest longest brake job ever, as mine take no effort and little time to do.
Well thats not true the time I threw out my neck doing her fronts was the worst, as I was in extreame pain and put everything back together as fast as possible before I became immobilzed. Do not try to brake caliper bolts loose that you do not know how tight they where put on with out some sort of leverage

I was pulling up on the 3/8" ratchet and heard the nastiest ripping type noise comming from my neck

Good times