FYI, you could do cylinder leakage test, and if you have bent/broken, worn valves, you would have air leak/escaping from what ever it would be intake valve through intake manifold, and exhaust valve through exhaust manifold. but your beyond that already.
Seems like you have a bent valve bud, notice how the two valves sit, 1 up higher than other one.
All the valve stem/spring retainer tops should be even all the way across on both sides, since you dont have cams in there isnt any pressure on them.
This is what happened to you probably
typical valve arrangement
Valve contacts piston top on a interference engine.
I would do what Darius said, and pull the head off, its a PITA, but only way to be sure. my .02 cents