My usual dumb questions of the day (so what else is new from me!

):
How and where is the runout measured? Along the edge of the rotor or perpendicular to the rotor face somewhere? In other words,is it a thickness variation issue or a diameter variation issue when the wheel is turning?
If a diameter variation, how does this minute amount of offset mass affect the cars braking? Heck, out of balance tires would be a bigger deal!
So, how exactly does the shim work in the correct scenario above - does it sit around the hub (braced by the lugs, I suppose) and move the rotor a tiny bit in the plane of the rotor? Or does the shim actually tilt the plane of the rotor a tiny amount?
Thanks for any education you can give me!
Z