You would have been able to find these answers MUCH more quickly if you had simply used the search function on this board, but I'll answer your question anyways. Here is the link that you would have found if you had searched:
zerothread?id=88051
1. I did *not* need the tach adapter. I have heard of people needing them but I have had no tach readout problems whatsoever. I'm using the AEM EMS though so that might have something to do with it, although maybe not.
2. Heavy red is a constant +12v from the battery. Note that this MUST be run from the battery, and not just some constant +12v source. This is especially important in KA-T cars, where running the heavy block to another power source caused me huuuuge ignition problems in upper RPMs. The same is true for the heavy black, which must also be run to the battery negative for good performance.
The thinner red wire is a switched +12v source. A good source for this is the black/red stripe wire found in the wire harness.
The white wire is the trigger wire for the ignition, this can be found in the coil harness as well, the green/black stripe wire.
Orange and thin black go to the coil itself, positive and negative respectivly.
3. I believe the power transistor takes the signal voltage from the ECU and transforms it into a readable voltage level for the ignition system. It can NOT be cut out of the system, you will get no spark without it. Beleive me, Ive made this mistake before.
Good luck!