All I can do here is to quote some of the class-room books. I'm not a scientist, but to answer whether it works or not, not sure. I seriously doubt it. I've never not been able to obtain target/speed.
some smart guy wrote:The speed detection Laser Gun utilizes two simple facts in Physics: 1) speed of light is much faster than the speed of vehicle, and 2) distance can be found by the distance-time formula (internally calculated by the computer of the laser gun). The Laser Gun determines speed by measuring the time of flight of very short pulse emitted by the Laser gun. This method is different from another well known speed detection Radar that is based on the Doppler frequency shift. Consider one laser pulse, the time of flight for the pulse to travel to and reflect back from the target vehicle can be measured by the time difference between the pulse leaving the Laser and the time the returned pulse detected by the receiver. Since the speed of light is constant (about in air), the distance of the target from the Laser Gun can be calculated using the distance-time formula. Now, if the Laser Gun sends a series of pulses (as many as sixty pulses) towards a moving target, the positions of the target at different times can be mapped out. With this information, the speed of the target can be calculated by taking ratio of the change of distance over the change of time or from the slope of a plot of distance vs time. Since the speed of light is much faster than that of automobiles, the measurement can be finished within a very short time, typically around 1/3 second, fast enough for almost instantaneous speed measurement. In order to produce accurate speed results, the Laser Gun has built in sophisticated software to perform the speed calculation and to eliminate faulty data. Thus, the software can be considered as the “brain” of the Laser Gun and dictates the performance of the Laser Gun.
I'll also point out that Laser is 'line of sight'. If you can see me, I can surely see you. Also, and this is important: it is impossible for a police officer to aim at vehicles straight ahead, there is an angle between the line-of-sight of the Laser Gun and the traveling direction of targeted vehicle. Thus, the speed measured by the Laser Gun will be less than the target's “true” speed. The larger the angle the lower the measured speed value. This phenomenon is known as the “Cosine Effect”. Therefore, it is important to keep this angle small so that the speed measured by the Laser Gun is closer to the true speed.