So I wrote a reply and then realized this is a month old post. Did you end up figuring it out? Anyway, here's my reply:
Hmm, I'm not really familiar with Jeep drivetrain stuff, but in general transfer cases should just slide out easily once unbolted. Are you sure you removed all the bolts (trans and t-case bolts like to hide in tricky places)? A quick google search shows that most (maybe all?) Jeep transfer cases have 6 bolts securing them to the trans.
It certainly might be binding due to whatever caused it to lock up. Is it in neutral? Might even just be binding against the output shaft.
Here's a useful step-by-step with pictures I found:
http://www.jeepforum.com/forum/f12/ax5- ... s-1041722/