I thought I'd give a postmortem about how this went. I'm writing this mainly in case someone does a search.
It knocked a lot of stuff loose. I couldn't figure out why fresh water would get rusty right away. So I removed the plug from the side of the engine and flushed it from the top of the engine through that hole into a bucket for a while.
This is how much rust I was able to capture. Keep in mind that this is after a Preston 150-mile chemical flush and after 10 hours of vinegar being flushed through by that pump and after the vinegar sat in the engine for 3 days:
That's not even all of it. A lot went onto the floor.
150 miles later and my coolant is slightly discolored, but before it was pure rust colored after 20 minutes.
So the moral to the story is, chemicals knock rust loose, but that stuff turns into sediment. Make sure you get all of that sediment out of the bottom of the block. You can't do this by just draining the radiator.