http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/...3.pdf
100+ pages that will [if understood] bring you near the level of many young factory engineers.
"The flow sfraightening effect of heat exchangers was shown not to significantly affect fan performance.The Ram Recovery Coefficient also led to a development of the understanding of multiple grill openings, above and below thebumper."
The nice thing is the Ford Taurus was used which like the Q45 has no grill opening above the bumper!
