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Wed May 19, 2004 9:37 am
What Causes It?
Although a violent injury can damage a disk, problems with disks are often brought on by everyday activities — lifting heavy objects the wrong way, stretching too hard during a tennis volley, or slipping on an icy sidewalk. Any such event can cause the fibrous outer covering of the disk to break or distort to the point that it presses on a spinal nerve. Sometimes, however, a disk swells, tears, or degenerates without any apparent cause.Disk problems are sometimes lumped together under the term degenerative disk disease. Change in the condition of the disk is a natural result of aging. This is part of our gradual loss of flexibility as we grow older. But disk degeneration is far more serious in some people than in others. Severe cases may be the result of a deficiency in collagen, the material that makes up cartilage. Poor muscle tone, poor posture, and obesity also put excessive strain on the spine and the ligaments that hold the disks in place.
What Are the Symptoms?
Many people with damaged spinal disks have no physical symptoms. But if your disk problem directly affects spinal nerves, you may have one or more of the following symptoms:Sharp pain in the back, sometimes going down the back of one or both legs, immediately upon or shortly after exertion or injury. Inability to bend or straighten your back, accompanied by severe pain. Gradual development of neck or lower-back pain, possibly intense on arising or when sneezing or coughing. Numbness or tingling in an arm or leg, and possibly a progressive loss of strength in one or both legs.
Call Your Doctor If:
You experience persistent pain in the upper or lower back. Back pain is accompanied by fever; you may have a viral or bacterial infection. You have sudden loss of feeling or weakness in your extremities; you may have an injury to your spinal cord.How Do I Know I Have Disk Problems? A doctor will do a neurological exam to check for any changes in reflexes, muscle strength, or sensation. Locating the origin of the pain may be enough to identify the herniated disk.A spinal X-ray may eliminate other potential causes. However, X-rays do not show soft tissues very clearly. It may be necessary for the doctor to order magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans. Another helpful medical test is myelography — a radiological technique for viewing the spinal cord. This may be used to identify and determine the extent of a herniated disk.