Periodically I find free software that can help members understand the Physics of flow.
http://www.pressure-drop.com/
{{look at links section also}}
Since the intake from the throttle body to the air horn inside the air filter box approximates 3" thru its length you can have lots of fun calculating things.......the greatest pressure differential prior to the air horn is 7.5" W.C. with a brand new air filter at 90F, the MAF exhibits a 5.3" W.C. extra restriction.
Discover turbulent vs laminar flow; Reynolds numbers and how the interior roughness of a pipe [dirt/oily residue, carbon] affect the friction and how that heats the air charge.
Why I keep mentioning the cheapest HP increase come from cleaning the system to as new condition,
If a 3" pipe is big enough to feed the engine how much restriction do 2-2.25" exhaust pipes make........actually they are 13.6% Larger in AREA but longer by triple?
Remember that an engine is nothing more than a warm air to hot air - air pump.