MinisterofDOOM wrote: Punishment should be deterrent, not reactive.
Inherently irrational crimes do not follow the logic of law and consequences. In the same regard, gun laws do not stop gun crime and drug laws do not stop addiction.
All the legal system can do is offer a retributive remedy. It cannot change or alter society. At best, in situations where behavior cannot be corrected, it can separate dangerous people from the rest of the population. Making murder illegal, even super duper crazy illegal, doesn't stop or discourage people from killing each other. If you want someone to die, you're going to make it happen unless they are directly capable of defending themselves.
In the case of underage motorists who are guilty of negligent homicide, there's a middle ground between 20 years of lockup and 5 years of probation. This is where the justice system sends its less violent offenders (where the vast majority end up), using strict rehabilitation, counseling, or mandatory community service to reform their behavior rather than locking them up where they tend to become hardened and learn more about criminal activity from other criminals.
Again, the law cannot deter. It can only remedy what has been done. In that regard, you can make a logical argument in favor of heavier punishment for the 16 year old driver, but you cannot expect stricter laws alone to change behavior that hasn't yet occurred. Education is far more effective.
Every teenage driver should be forced to see dead bodies and/or spend time in an ER for a certain number of hours before receiving their motoring license.