GhostDriver wrote:Trapped gas is relieved so theres (more) direct contact between the pad and rotor(?).
well, no.
The surface area increase is so minimal it shouldn't even be considered as such. Think about the slots on the surface of a disk. They are something like elongated concave half cilinders. That half cilinder surface area is greater than the equivalent flat rectangular area of an unslotted disk.
The same with cross drilling. Where the was solid matter before, you have introduced new cilindrical areas.
General rule of thumb, with any solids, the more fractures or particles you break it into, the greater the surface area.
But when you think about it and how air flows, there should be negligent air travel through these new areas.
You did mention trapped gas relieved which may be in direct contact w/rotor and pad. Let's see what the pros have to say:
BREMBO: 2. Cross-Drilled or Slotted Discs: Clears gasses, cleans pads for better “bite”.
DRILLS AND SLOTS Both drills and slots improve braking consistency, continuously cleaning and refreshing the pad surface. These slots or drilling provide a path to disperse built-up heat and gasses that result from pads acting on the rotors, as well as help to clean and refresh the pad surface. Both help in interrupting the water film in wet driving conditions, improving the brake response; this effect is more sensitive on cross-drilled discs owing to the different full/empty ratio of the surface and the possibility to have water flowing through theholes in the ventilation gap (on vented discs). On the other hand, where extreme friction level is required, the adoption of a highly aggressive pad such as in racing applications is necessary and slots are the right solution: being the slots not all through the disc thickness, the overall mechanical resistance of the disc is higher. Additionally, all of Brembo’s slotted discs are directional: the discs should be installed such that the end of the slot nearest the outer edge of the disc contacts the pad first.
BAER: What are the benefits to cross-drilling, slotting, and zinc-washing my rotors? In years past, cross-drilling and/or slotting the rotor for racing purposes was beneficial by providing a way to expel the gasses created when the bonding agents employed to manufacture the pads began to break down at extreme temperatures. This condition is often referred to as "green pad fade" or "outgassing". When it does occur, the driver still has a good firm brake pedal, but simply little or no friction. Since this normally happens only at temperatures witnessed in racing, this can be very exciting!
However, with today´s race pad technology, ´outgassing´ is no longer much of a concern. When shopping for races pads, or even ultra-high performance road pads, look for the phrases, "dynamic surface treatment", "race ready", and/or, "pre-burnished". When these or similar statements are made by the pad manufacturer, the pad in question will likely have little or no problem with ´outgassing´. Ironically more pedestrian pads used on most streetcars will still exhibit ´outgassing´, but only when used at temperatures normally only encountered on the racetrack.
Although crossdrilling and/or slotting will provide a welcome path to expend any gasses when and if they develop, it is primarily a visual enhancement behind today’s often wide-open wheel designs.
Crossdrilling offers the greatest gas relief pathway, but creates potential "stress risers" from which cracks can occur. Baer´s rotors are cast with crossdrilling in mind, from the material specified, to curved vanes, behind which the holes are placed to minimize potential crack migration. Slotted surfaces are what Baer recommends for track only use. Slotted only rotors are offered as an option for any of Baer’s offerings.
What does "cross-drilled and slotted" mean? The expression refers to two separate processes, both of which are carried out on Baer´s EradiSpeed rotors. The first procedure involves drilling rows of holes through the friction surfaces of the rotor, the second refers to milling a series of shallow grooves from the center of the disc towards the edge.In combination, the processes are aimed at making the disc better ventilating and more effective. In addition this gives the rotor a more aggressive and purposeful cosmetic appearance, particularly with today´s open-patterned alloy wheels.
What does slotting do? Slotting increases the bite of the pads and helps the car to decelerate more rapidly. The process doesn´t involve removing as much metal as cross drilling, so it doesn´t result in as great a weight saving. Slotting, however, is even more effective than cross drilling in combating the problem known as "out gassing". This occurs when, at very high braking temperatures, the bonding agents used in some brake pads produce a gas. Under extreme conditions, this gas can create a pneumatic cushion between pad and rotor, giving a driver a normal pedal feel but reducing the amount of friction being generated. The slots pump away this gas and restore full contact. The "micro-shaving" effect of the slots also serves to de-glaze the pads (this is why the edges of the slots on EradiSpeed rotors are not chamfered or "radiused"). It also tends to even out the wear across the brake pad faces, increasing the effective contact area. This can extend rotor life.
WILWOOD: Why are some rotors drilled or slotted? Rotors are drilled to reduce rotating weight, an issue near and dear to racers searching for ways to minimize unsprung weight. Drilling diminishes a rotor's durability and cooling capacity.Slots or grooves in rotor faces are partly a carryover from the days of asbestos pads. Asbestos and other organic pads were prone to "glazing" and the slots tended to help "scrape or de-glaze" them. Drilling and slotting rotors has become popular in street applications for their pure aesthetic value. Wilwood has a large selection of drilled and slotted rotors for a wide range of applications.
STOP-TECH: Which is better, slotted or drilled rotors?
StopTech provides rotors slotted, drilled or plain. For most performance applications slotted is the preferred choice. Slotting helps wipe away debris from between the pad and rotor as well as increasing the "bite" characteristics of the pad. A drilled rotor provides the same type of benefit, but is more susceptible to cracking under severe usage. Many customers prefer the look of a drilled rotor and for street and occasional light duty track use they will work fine. For more severe applications, we recommend slotted rotors.
DRILLED VS SLOTTED ROTORS
For many years most racing rotors were drilled. There were two reasons - the holes gave the "fireband" boundary layer of gasses and particulate matter someplace to go and the edges of the holes gave the pad a better "bite".
Unfortunately the drilled holes also reduced the thermal capacity of the discs and served as very effective "stress raisers" significantly decreasing disc life. Improvements in friction materials have pretty much made the drilled rotor a thing of the past in racing. Most racing rotors currently feature a series of tangential slots or channels that serve the same purpose without the attendant disadvantages
MY TAKE:
I say a lot is heresay. You can even pinpoint how some companies not only contradict among one another, but within themselves. However, there are many good points, Cross-drilling and slotting reduces mass which is a compromise for unsprung weight. in my opinion it's a procedure no longer needed.
Slotting, well... In professional racing, many events will not stop for rain. Knowing that, water boils @ 100 deg C, so sure, water vapor can get trapped in btwn pad and rotor. The asphalt on the road is another issue, this becomes airborne and can get trapped in btwn rotor and pad, causing glazing. The pads themselves should not "gas-out" like in the old days, and if it does, then it's a crappy pad, or your brake system is not coolig efficiently.
Then we look at off-road racing, ie rally. Mud, plant life, and animal life, can get trapped in btwn rotor and pad, and so a scraping mechanism is needed.
Does it really increase the bite? If the pad has foreign debree, sure, why not? I don't know, perhaps the coefficient of friction decreases as the pad smoothes out. I'd say it's independent of the pad. In street use, do you want a cheese grinder wasting your pads?
And then there's the manufacturers' hidden agenda. Why do they sometimes contradict saying different things about different 'benefits'? Let's face it, plain rotors don't look that cool. If a marketing ploy is going to be eliminated sending consumers to the competitor, is it a good financial move?
Modified by Chingon at 4:47 AM 8/21/2005