The last time I heard a loud valve chatter like that the oil pump had gone out. If it was just one set of valves I'd say maybe a thrown valve or swallowed butterfly valve or something. Did any lights come on, and were any lights on before the failure? Did you turn it off or did it die by itself? How long was it running? The engine may be okay if you didn't run it too long.
Checking to see what codes got thrown would be your best first step since it doesn't involve cranking the engine. If the oil pump has indeed given up the ghost you absolutely don't want to run it at all. Unfortunately the only way to check the oil pump without tearing it down would be to hook up an oil pressure gauge and turn it over
