Mr. Music wrote:From my understanding, it doesn't shift gears either; it just changes the gear ratios in set increments upon driver command.
Nissan uses a Jatco CVT which uses a pully and belt system. There are two pulleys, each is made up of two cones with the "points" facing eachother. The belt is a fixed width, so as you slide the cones together or apart, it changes the effective diameter of the spot where the belt is riding between the cones. For a better idea of what I'm talking about, check out this video.
Contrary to what some people think, the cones are not moved with electronic solenoids. The ratios are controlled with an electronic solenoid, but the solenoid controls fluid flow by moving a valve, just like in a normal automatic transmission. I found an animated diagram somewhere before but I can't find it again. Basically there's a pump in the transmission that's driven off the input shaft just like a regular automatic transmission... that builds fluid pressure (60-100 psi in a traditional automatic, not sure about the Jatco CVT). Then you have a spool valve (also, just like in the valve body of a traditional automatic transmission) that controls fluid flow. When fluid is directed in one path, it moves one pair of cones together and the other pair apart to adjust the ratio. Direct it in another direction and it does the opposite.
And for the record, I have a hard time believing anybody who says CVT's shift slow have driven a car with Nissan's Xtronic CVT. I think people are confusing shifting hard with shifting fast. Slamming a manual into gear and dropping the clutch doesn't necessarily mean you're shifting fast.