Cylinder leakdown. If you do a pressure test in the coolant system, it may not show an actual issue.
I have seen a lot of ways to do it, and they are basically all the same. You can actually make your own gauge. Really not too hard to do. If you install another timing you can do a compression test, buts thats just a lot of work. Even though its not at "operatng temp", it will still give you an idea of what is going on.
https://mobiloil.com/en/article/car-mai ... kdown-test
You can try just using compressed air to push in the cylinder without a gauge, just make sure the cylinder is at TDC and the valves are closed. Listen for the air escaping;
Air coming from intake- Intake valves not closed or bent
Air coming from exhaust-Exhaust valves not closed or bent
Air coming from oil dipstick-bad piston rings/oil control rings(this should be expected due to engine being cold, but shouldn't be a lot of air)
What you are looking for is mainly air from the valves, because bent valves from a belt break. Your head gasket should be good and your compression rings/oil control rings same. Unless you bent or broke a piston or really bent the hell out of valve. You still may get some air from the valves, but if they are good, you should be able to push air in and it doesn't escape at a fast rate through the valves. If you put say 50psi in the chamber and stop you should still hear air escaping somewhat evenly. If one escapes a lot faster than the other, there is an issue.